Poverty in the Victorian era Free Essay Example, 1500 words

In respect to the immediately foregoing (crime), areas such as Whitechapel, Clerkenwell and Jacob’s Island were known as the homes of homicide during the 1880s. It is against this backdrop that Jack the Ripper, the anonymous serial women killer came about in Flower and Dean Street. Understanding the irrevocable nexus between poverty and crime, as a way of responding to crime, the London County Council made successful and vigorous attempts to pull down worst slums. The London County Council introduced and used the slum upgrading and clearance programs to abate the number of slums in both Britain and London. Williamson contends that the plight of poor housing as a manifestation of poverty during the Victorian age is informed by the housing culture of the Victorians. Those who worked for long hours were compelled to live within the proximity of their workstation. It is for this reason that available housing highly priced and highly scarce. Because of this, tenants by themselves would let their rooms for 2 dollars to 4 dollars in a day, to their fellow employees. This was an artifice to meet their rent. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty in the Victorian era or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Because of this, most industrialized cities in Europe and the United Kingdom, particularly, London, were totally overcrowded, unsanitary and underdeveloped. These houses and the slums that emerged from these conditions were known as the rookeries (Williamson, 99 – 131). There were instances in which pockets of some British cities were the domicile for those who suffered from incurable diseases. For instance, Spitalfields which derives its name from the historic St. Mary’s Spittel was known for being the preserve of lepers. Spitalfields was initially inhabited by rich French Huguenot silk-workers and weavers. As the district moved to the mid 19th century, the descendants of Spitalfields were brought down to deplorable living conditions because of the competition which was emanating from the Manchester textile factories. Thusly, Spitalfields slumped down into a crime-infested and slum-riddled area. Resultantly, the once handsome and spacious Huguenot houses were partitioned into tiny dwellings. These tiny dwellings were rented out to the poor laborers and helping hands seeking employment in the docks nearby. According to Bailey, the legacy that poverty left in the Victorian age is personified by an array of charitable organizations. For instance, from the 1850s and beyond, the Sisters of Mercy under the guidance of Father Daniel Gilbert opened and established a night refuge for the destitute, especially, women and children.

Desire in Early Buddhism - 1088 Words

Desire in Early Buddhism According to the Third Noble Truth, we eliminate suffering and achieve Nirvana by eliminating desires (taņhÄ ). This is sometimes taken to mean that we should eliminate all desires (after all, just about any desire is a cause of suffering). However, we also witness the Buddha and the arahants pursuing goals, feeling compassion, begging for food, etc. These behaviors and tendencies might be seen as inconsistent with a life without desires. According to Holder’s view of the four noble truths, the third noble truth is â€Å"just the statement that suffering is curable by removing it’s cause, namely, craving (xv).† Gowan’s definition of the third noble truth â€Å"depicts a state of health that is said to be free of suffering (135).† Buddhist believe that a person only exists in designation but not in reality. A person experiences body, feelings, perceptions, volitions, and consciousness which enables the person to believe that the person is more than just those components. The person believes that he is alive when in reality it is merely the perception of being alive. In believing that a person is alive the person also give into desire. A monk has to desire to enter Nirvana, and to enter Nirvana he must have the motivation to meditate. However the monk only reaches Nirvana when he no longer has desire. So is that not an impossible attainment. Based on Holder’s definition of the third noble truth the only solution that comes to mind is that the monkShow MoreRelatedBuddhism : Buddhism And Buddhism982 Words   |  4 PagesBuddhism is a philosophy that is often viewed as a religion and dates back to approximately 6th century B.C.E. Buddhism originated in the Indian subcontinent by a man known as Siddhartha Gautama. The original language of Buddhism is often debated as some scholars believe that it was first practiced in Pali while other believe it was first spoken in Sanskrit. The practice of Buddhism first spread to China in the 2nd century A.C.E and was translated to Mandarin in 3rd century A.C.E. Today, there areRead MoreBuddhism Breaks Apart Essay example1402 Words   |  6 PagesBuddhism Breaks Apart Buddhism is the religion of spiritual enlightenment through the suppressing of one’s worldly desires. Buddhism takes one on the path of a spiritual journey, to become one with their soul. It teaches one how to comprehend life’s mysteries, and to cope with them. Founded in 525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama; Theravada Buddhism is the first branch of Buddhism; it was a flourishing religion in India before the invasions by the Huns and the Muslims, and Mahayana Buddhism formedRead MoreThe Changing Self Can Not Be Denied992 Words   |  4 Pages The changing self can not be denied One of the central belief of Buddhist is the denial of the self. In particular, Buddhism criticizes the idea that â€Å"an individual atman is an assumption of an unchanging and constant serf that somehow underlies and is the basis for the variety of changing experiences.† (Gethin 1998, 141) In fact, any individual, no matter its matter of life, is just a particular pattern of a series of casual connectedness. That is a very convincing idea since it is clearRead MoreTaking a Look at Buddhism663 Words   |  3 Pagesstudying the World religion textbook one of our chapter assigned was about Buddhism. I found the chapter very intriguing, since I am Christian that has not had much religion experiences outside of Christianity. The Buddhism chapter was very refreshing to read. I was captivated by the culture that I had to know more about it. That is why I decided to write about early Buddhism origins and practices in India. The word Buddhism represents â€Å"to awaken†. It emanates from two thousand five hundred yearsRead MoreThe, The Buddhist Monastic Order1692 Words   |  7 Pagessuffering originates from our ongoing desire, a clinging to possessions, attachments, and self. Why would a religion founded in the idea of shedding attachment focus so much on gender, which is an attachment? I feel that the Buddha’s hesitation in allowing women to be initially recognized in the Sangha originates from his early childhood convictions of women, fear of the Dharma becoming further compromised, and ultimately leading to the deterioration of Buddhism altogether. The Buddha’s hesitationsRead MoreComparing Buddhism And The Bhagavad1453 Words   |  6 PagesContrasting Early Buddhism and the Bhagavad GÄ «tÄ  Early Buddhism and the Bhagavad GÄ «tÄ  have a wide array similarities and differences. Both Buddhism and the Gita deal with an inner struggle. We see Arjuna dealing with the struggle of whether or not he should murder his family in order to obtain a kingdom. In Buddhism, we see the inner struggle as the quest to find nirvana and the pain that is the very act of living. Although there are some similarities, the differences between Buddhism and the GitaRead MoreBuddhism: Past and Present Essay665 Words   |  3 Pagespractices formed over the years, from Christianity to Judaism, each of them having their own impacts on culture and society, one of the major religions that formed was Buddhism. Today we will discuss how Buddhism was founded, the practices of it, and how it has changed as it has entered a new area and interacted with a new people. Buddhism was founded by or Siddhartha Gautama also known as â€Å"Buddha† was born about 2565 years ago in what is now part of Nepal. A contemporary of Mahavira and came from theRead MoreConfucianism : Ziran And Wuwei1371 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen widely translated to mean self-so. Laozi explains what self-so may mean when he tells his followers to â€Å"open yourself to the Tao, then trust your natural responses; and everything will fall into place.† As Robert Eno, Associate Professor of Early Chinese History and Thought at Indiana University, puts it, â€Å"The inhabitants of the Natural world are ‘self-so,’ they simply are as they are, without any intention to be so.† Simply put, in civil society, humans have no choice but to be driven byRead MoreEssay on Shintoism and Buddhism1210 Words   |  5 PagesShintoism and Buddhism The Japanese religions, including Shintosim and Buddhism, are rich and complex, and it contains many condradictory trends which may puzzle a Westerner. In the center of the tradition is Shinto, the natural religion of Japan. Also in the center is Buddhism, the Indian religion that was brought to Japan in the sixth century from Korea and China. Throughout the history of Japan, it has been these two religions that have contributed most to the Japanese understandingRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay, I intend to compare and contrast two major religions, Hinduism and Buddhism, that came out of India thousands of years ago. Though these two religions are old, they are still practiced today by millions of followers within the continent of Asia and the West. First, I would like to introduce the religion of Hinduism. The term Hinduism was derived a river of South Asia, the Indus. This term was used by the ancient Persians to classify the people of that region of the North-West territory

Frederick Engels Impact on the Conditions of Laborers...

Life can at times seem bad, even in the lives of some of the most prestigious, rich, popular people in the world. Bad hair, lack of sleep, abundance of homework, and an absence of money have the tendency to put a damper on some peoples days, among other things. Too many times, though, in todays society things are taken for granted. Imagine not having a place to sleep, having no means of education, or having all hard-earned funds taken by the government, not even leaving enough to feed the family. This is how it was for Englanders in the 1800s. The condition of the working-class in 19thcentury England was, without a doubt, disgusting and miserable. The circumstances were spiraling out of control and the working class was†¦show more content†¦These rigorous studies lead to Engels writing of The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844, an important work bringing more attentions to the struggles and problems of the working-class and raising ideas on how to bring reform . Engels friend and life-long work partner Karl Marx in 1844 in Paris, France. Together, Marx and Engel, while establishing modern Communism and Socialism, crafted the Communist Manifesto, among other things. The Communist Manifesto, published in February of 1848, attempts to explain the goals of Communism, Marxs and Engels solution to the struggles and exploitations of each class by the other classes. This work is undoubtedly the most influential piece produced by these two revolutionists. Another collaboration by Engels with Marx include the development of the International Workingmens Association. Frederick Engels produced a few other revolutionary pieces including the major works Anti-Dyriring in 1878 and The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State in 1884. After Marxs death in March of 1883, Engels devoted the rest of his life to translating and working with Marxs writing and ideas. Engels died on August 5, 1895 in London. The condition of the working class in the 19th century was ridiculously out of control. Due to the instant explosion of industrialization throughout Europe, the environment suffered. The rise of mass production happened so quickly and itsShow MoreRelatedMarx and Weber: Conflicting Conflict Theories1903 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween the capitalist bourgeoisie who own the means of production and the proletariat that is the labor force behind production. In Marxs Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, he begins to draw the line between the capitalist owner and the laborer class. As a result of the competition that is necessary for capitalist interests, society divides itself into two classes: the owners of property and the workers without property. (Marx 1964, 38) Marx argues that the worker becomes an object himselfRead More The Role of Autonomy and Responsibility Held by the Bourgeoisie during the Industrial Revolution1550 Words   |  7 Pagesand the majority was the poor working class, the proletariat. The bourgeoisie believed in their rights to gain wealth and preserve individuality and in their duty to maintain these rights, which in turn determined the harsh laboring and living conditions of the working class. The indignities forced upon the lower class also caused movements that challenged the bourgeoisie to alter their beliefs. These included the creation of Communism, the Christian Socialist Movement, utopian models, and otherRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels2286 Words   |  10 PagesKarl Marx and Friedrich Engels were commissioned to write a manifesto which soon became known as the Communist Manifesto. â€Å"A road map to history’s most important political document.† These words on the cover of one of the books newest editions to The Communist Manifesto represents that this document has been translated into many different form; this particular remake was meant for all levels of education. After reading the newly edited document by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels there is, indeed, a â€Å"roadRead MoreMarxist Feminism Efforts to Eradicate Sexist Capitalism1957 Words   |  8 Pagestherefore cannot be understood as a product of capitalism.† This kind of feminism also overlooks the fact that male dominance continues in non-capitalist countries such as China. The Communist Manifesto, the widely influential work by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, has laid the basis for the early dialogue about the relationship between capitalism and oppression. Marx’s theory of historical materialism recognizes the ways in which economic systems influence every day’s life . Marx argues that certain oppressiveRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesParadigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri 213 7 The Technopolitics of Cold War: Toward a Transregional Perspective †¢ GabrielleRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesroles shift to the right, the previous roles still must be met and the additional ones performed. Also, the continuum shows that the primary focus of HR as it becomes more strategic, changes to considerations with longer time horizons and the broader impact of HR decisions. Administrative Role of HR Management The administrative role of HR management is heavily oriented to processing and record keeping. Maintaining employee files and HR-related databases, processing employee benefits claims, answering

NMBA Legislated Registration Standards for Nursing- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNMBA Legislated Registration Standards for Nursing. Answer: The nasogastric tube is inserted through the patients nose into the stomach for either feeding, administration of drugs or any other oral agent. For the small quantities of liquid feeding, a syringe is injected into the tube, but for the continuous feeding, a system based on gravity is used with a solution put at a point above the patients stomach (Chiarella, et al., 2008). However, at times the tube can block due to a variety of factors such as bacteria colonization, poor flushing methods, tiny internal space of the tube lung tubes as well as the interaction between medications, formula plus gastric acid to mention just a few. When this happens, nursing personnel can be used to remove or replace the tube from the patients body (Corry et al., 2009). Although it has been a while after completing my studies and have never performed the replacement or insertion of nasogastric tube or witnessed the skill in a patient before, I will not proceed with the procedure because it is against the ethics of nursing. Besides, the NMBA postulates that a health officer should have competency, skills, and professionalism on the task at hand when it comes to attending the patients. Therefore, my immediate action would be to inform the supervisor that I have never executed the procedure before. At this point, I will witness the process for the first time and second time if necessary. After grasping the knowledge of what needs to be done or how the replacement or removal of the tube is performed, I will carry out the third procedure applying the skills and techniques learned in the first and second procedures. When doing this, I will ensure to be under the supervision of a registered and a competent health professional for clarifications and guidanc e to ensure certainty of the procedure. All in all, before performing the procedure I would check the patients medical as well as nursing notes for any potential complications. For instance, anatomical variations as a result of surgery like cancerous tumor or flap repair might prevent the tube from passing swiftly into the stomach hence causing pain/discomfort to the client which can also lead to further complications Learning needs Apart from the necessary skills and knowledge learned in school on how to safely replace or insert the nasogastric tube you need to have other skills which include; providing both oral plus skin car. You should give rinses as well apply oil to the patient's nostrils lips. Using any lubricant that is soluble in water lubricates the catheter until it touches the nostril. The reason for doing this is because the patients nose can become dry plus irritated (Garnett et al., 2008). Next will be to verify the nasogastric tube placement by checking if the tube is in the stomach. I can aspirate a small amount of the stomach content. Besides, the x-ray will be ideal to verify such replacement. Gloves will also be essential when starting the nasogastric procedure since any contact with the client's blood/body fluids raises particularly with inexperienced enrolled nurses (Gumaste et al., 2014). Both face eye protection will be of great importance if the risk for vomiting is high. The nursing and midwifery board in Australia calls for every team member doing the Nasogastric procedure to wear gowns, face protection plus gloves. The learning activities Prior to nasogastric tube insertion, it should be measured starting from the edge of a clients nose, loop near the ear as well as downwards roughly 4.5 cm beneath the Xiphoid processes (Homer et al., 2009). Besides, the tube is noted at that point to ascertain that it is inserted deep enough into the clients stomach. Although the majority of the commercial duodenal plus stomach tubes have varying depth markings e.g. 18-inch, 22-inch, 26-inch from the distal edge, the infant nasogastric tubes usually comes with depth markings of 1 cm . The end of the tube is lubricated and inserted into the patient nare. The tube needs to be pushed straight to the posterior of the client as if it glides towards the nasal cavity and down the throat(Jacob et al., 2012). The moment the tube enters the oropharynx slides down the backside of the pharyngeal wall, a patient might gag. Once the nasogastric tube has passed has passed the pharynx into the esophagus its easily inserted into the patient's stomac h after which it is secured to prevent it from gliding. Precaution should be taken to ascertain the tube does not enter the trachea via the larynx and down the bronchus. A reliable technique is to aspirate a small amount of liquid from the tube using a syringe. The fluid is then tested to determine its acidity, and if its below 4, then it is in a correct position. Notably, only smaller tubes are ideal for long term feeding so as to prevent irritation plus erosion of the nasal sub mucosa (Lin et al., 2017). Conclusion In the entire paper, it has been pointed out that the NMBA assumes a key function set by the national law. The body puts forth registration standards that must be met by every nurse/midwife to ensure competency and professionalism in the heath field. Besides, the body postulates that a registered nurse should have certain skills, competency, knowledge, and educational opportunities to perform certain procedures such as the replacement or exchange of nasogastric tubes. References Chiarella, M., Thoms, D., Lau, C., McInnes, E. (2008). An overview of the competency movement in nursing and midwifery. Collegian, 15(2), 45-53. Cole, E. (2015). Improving the documentation of nasogastric tube insertion and adherence to local enteral nutrition guidelines. BMJ quality improvement reports, 4(1), u203207-w1513. Corry, J., Poon, W., McPhee, N., Milner, A. D., Cruickshank, D., Porceddu, S. V., ... Peters, L. J. (2009). Prospective study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes versus nasogastric tubes for enteral feeding in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing (chemo) radiation. Head neck, 31(7), 867-876. Council, A. N. (2002). National competency standards for the enrolled nurse. Australian Nursing Council. Cubit, K. A., Leeson, B. G. (2009). Is there a case for tailoring graduate programs for nurses who have previously practiced as Enrolled Nurses?. Nurse Education Today, 29(8), 891-894. Garnett, S., Coe, K., Golebiowska, K., Walsh, H., Zander, K., Guthridge, S., ... Malyon, R. (2008). Attracting and keeping nursing professionals in an environment of chronic labour shortage: a study of mobility among nurses and midwives in the Northern Territory of Australia. Charles Darwin University Press. Gumaste, V. V., Bhamidimarri, K. R., Bansal, R., Sidhu, L., Baum, J., Walfish, A. (2014). Factors predicting early discharge and mortality in post-percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy patients. Annals of Gastroenterology, 27(1), 42. Homer, C. S., Passant, L., Brodie, P. M., Kildea, S., Leap, N., Pincombe, J., Thorogood, C. (2009). The role of the midwife in Australia: views of women and midwives. Midwifery, 25(6), 673-681. Irving, S. Y., Crawford, J. E., Goldberg, E., Mohan, A., Ford, N., Davis, D. H. (2015). Practice Change for Patients with Nasogastric/Orogastric Enteral Tubes: Safety Improvement Initiative. Jacob, E., Sellick, K., McKenna, L. (2012). Australian registered and enrolled nurses: Is there a difference?. International journal of nursing practice, 18(3), 303-307. Lin, T., Gifford, W., Lan, Y., Qin, X., Liu, X., Wang, J., ... Chen, K. (2017). Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting nasogastric tube (NGT) placement in adults: A systematic review and meta analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 71, 80-88. Mordiffi, S. Z., Goh, M. L., Phua, J., Chan, Y. H. (2016). Confirming nasogastric tube placement: Is the colorimeter as sensitive and specific as X-ray? A diagnostic accuracy study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 61, 248-257. Nursing, A., Council, M. (2005). National Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse [electronic Resource]. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D. (2013). Nursing and midwifery research: methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Australia.

Australia on Temporary Abroad Inhabitantsâ€My assignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuses about the Australia on Temporary Abroad Inhabitants? Answer: Introducdation A person living in Australia on temporary basis with abroad inhabitants are held taxable for the income based on Australian sources. For example, salary received from working in Australia (Woellner et al. 2016). The existing case study is based on ascertaining the residential status of Kit along with the assessment of his taxable income and income from investment. The case study highlights that Kit is regarded as the permanent occupant of Australia despite the fact that he was born in Chile. To determine the taxation circumstances of Kit it is noteworthy to determine the status of residency with the objective of taxation. As evident from the case study Kit in spite of residing in Australia on permanent basis, he retains his Chilean citizenship. According to the Australian Taxation Office an Australian resident are taxed for the earnings generated from worldwide sources (Barkoczy et al. 2016). The case study evidently puts forward that Kit having a resident of Australia permanently could not be treated as a citizen of Australia because he maintains his Chilean nationality. To have an in depth understanding of Kit residential status is vital to work out the domiciliary status by conducting the residency test. The first test that is considered in the determination of the residency test of Kit is the Domicile Test. The determination of the residential status can be ascertained from the below stated criteria of Domicile Test: Domicile Test: As stated under the Domicile Act 1982.Domicle is considered as the legitimate notion of ascertaining domiciliary prominence of an individual (Robin, Barkoczy and Woellner 2016). According to the primary rule of the common law, a person can acquire native land as their place of abode of their own origin. However, it should be noted that the rule is subjected to certain exception as well. People can retain the domicile according to their own origin except the person undertakes the decision of acquiring the domicile as per their own choice in another country (Barkoczy 2016). Referring to the case of Henderson v. Henderson [1965] 1 All E.R.179 the original person of the individual must have to be in order so that they can acquire the place of abode according to their private choice in a state where he or she intends to make their home indeterminately (Anderson et al. 2016). As highlighted in the existing scenario it is evident that Kit had purchased a home three years ago to dwell with his wife. This eventually fulfils the intent of Kit in obtaining the domicile of his own choice to dwell in Australia together with the purpose of establishing his home indeterminately in Australia. A person possessing Australian domicile however residing outside of Australia will be able to maintain their domicile given that he or she comes back to Australia based on a clearly foreseeable reason (Sharkey 2015). As defined under section 6 (1) of the taxation rulings 2650 at the time of ascertaining a persons domiciliary provinces it is vital to consider the intent of that person as where they decides to make their home for an indefinite period (Somers 2014). As evident in the current case study, Kit is employed with an Australian firm in the Indonesian coast and regularly once in every three months returns Australia to meet his wife and children. As defined under section 6 (1) of the ITAA 1936 following assumptions are made; Kit has been living in Australia either continuously or intermittently for more than half of the income year before being transferred to an off shore oilrig in Indonesia. This ultimately meets the criterion that his place of abode is in Australia. Kit domiciliary resides in Australia and successfully meets the principle that his permanent place of dwelling is Australia. From the above stated domicile test Kit will be retaining the residence of Australia because he has meet the principles of Domicile test and regularly returns to Australia in spite of living outside of that domicile. 183 days test: The 183 days test lays down that if a person who has been present in Australia for a minimum of half of the income year with in continuous period of in breaks will be treated as an inhabitant of Australia (Saad 2014). As evident from the following case study, Kit in spite of working in off shore Indonesian Oil rig comes to Australia once in each quarter to meet his wife and children. This merely sums up an approximately 120 days of a calendar year of his stay in Australia. It is worth mentioning that it cannot be ruled out that Kit cannot be treated as Australian resident for his stay outside of Australia. Kit will be treated as Australian resident because his place of residence is located in Australia since he has purchased house three years ago in order to live with his wife and children. Referring to the case of F .C. of T. v. Applegate (79 ATC 4307; (1979) 9 ATR 899 even though Kit is not present in Australia but it cannot be ruled out that his domicile is in Australia (Lombard 2017). Hence, Kit purpose of taking up Australian residence satisfies the criteria of 183 days test. Assessment of tax: The tax liability of an individual arises with the interrogation of the residency of taxpayer in conformity with the evidences that is implemented during an income year, which is under assessment (Thampapillai 2016). According to the ordinary concept of residential test if the taxpayer meets the criteria then that individual will be treated for the purpose of taxation because of their residential status. Receipt of salary by Kit into his bank account amounts to an Australian sourced earnings because his current employment is with Australian company (Lang 2014). Kit further generates income from additional sources such as shares portfolio and such incomes are subjected to incidence of double taxation. In spite of being, an Australian resident Kit must declare his overseas income while filing tax returns and must declare all overseas income. As defined under Applegate per Franki J 79 ATC the tax liability originates in terms of the residential status (King 2016). Kit can overcome the instances of double taxation by claiming exemptions on his income from share portfolio. This is because Australia has signed treaties with numerous nations. Hence, Kit must declare income generated from sources outside of Australia and then in the later stages claim deductions to avoid the instances of double taxation. Ordinary Income Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159 The case law lays down guidance in the determination of the income earned from isolated transaction and hence taxable under subsection 25 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. This case considers the issues concerning the realization of capital assets and income from the sale of property can be exploited as the sale of minerals was taxable as ordinary income or regarded as capital (Taylor and Richardson 201). The verdict stated that the taxpayer will be taxable for earning profit from the sale of land and the same shall be treated as income. The judgement of the court stated that income from sale of land will not be regarded as a mere substitution of one capital asset for another. The selling of land was treated as transaction trading in nature. Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188 This case is concerned with the taxpayer of an organisation that carried the business of mining of 1771 acre of land nearby Newcastle. As defined under section 108-5 of the ITAA 1997 if selling of capital asset results in capital gains or loss it gives rise to CGT event. The taxpayer sold off the land when coal had been completely exhausted (Feld et al. 2016). The court stated that taxpayer was assessable for realization of assert which constituted capital in nature despite the taxpayer assertion of performing extensive work to fetch best price on the land.FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR This case is concerned with the taxpayer that was a company and was formed by the group of fishermen. The commissioner held the taxpayer liable for tax for the income earned from land and stated that the taxpayer will be assessable under section 25 (1) or under 26 (a) for the profits generated from business undertakings (Kaldor 2014). The result of this case illustrates that income was held taxable in compliance with the general accounting principles. Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 The following case study is concerned with the taxpayers who were the trustees of the estate and had acquired the large farm in 1970 in order to raise his family and indulge in desultory farming. The taxpayer argued that the land was merely realized and the net profit must not be held for assessment (Sadiq and Marsden 2014). The decision of the court contained that the procedure through which subdivision of land occurred reflected that the taxpayers degree of realization does not cover any business undertakings. However, the degree of realization is significant matter that must be considered at the time of determining the nature of realization of such asset. Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135 The following case study is concerned in the determination of whether the sale of property was taxable under section 25 (1) or 25 A. The taxpayer had acquired 998 acre of land carry out the activities of fencing and farming based on Action View. The Federal court stated in its decision that subdivision and disposal of land was not assessable under either Section 25 (1) or 25A. According to the verdict of the federal court action view was originally obtained by the taxpayer which enabled that no profit shall be held for taxation generated from the sale of land in conformity with the first limb of section 25 A (1). Furthermore, the second limb of sub-section possesses any kind of implication since there was no such sale of land in the business course or from any kind of profit undertakings. Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 The following case study lays down guidance in ascertaining whether income generated from the Isolated transactions will be considered taxable under Section 25 (1) of the ITAA 1936 (Taylor and Richardson 2013). The rulings from this case does not takes into the considerations the applicability of section 25A concerning the capital gains and losses generated under Part IIIA or Division 6A of Part III. According to Sheppard, Wilcox and Lee JJ the decision held that income of the taxpayer will be considered taxable derived from the land. The decision of the court stated defined that profit will be regarded as income in conformity with the ordinary concept by referring to the decision held under FC of T v The Emporium Ltd 87 ATC 4363 such profit will be regarded taxable under section 25 (1). Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620 The current puts forward the question of whether the profit generated from the sale of land will be held taxable under Subsection 25 (1) or sec 26 (a) of the ITAA 1936. The income of the taxpayer will be considered taxable for the purpose of profit generated by him from the executing the business of land development (Anderson, Dickfos and Brown 2016). The court held that the intention of the taxpayer was sell the land because he was monetarily committed to pay his creditors. The federal court in its decision stated that taxpayer was taxable for carrying on the activities of land development. The court found that transaction was repetitive in nature and possessed the features of continuing business of development of land. McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 The following case study puts forward the question of profit derived from the disposal of land taxable under Section 25 (1). The taxpayer were brothers in this case and argued that they indulged in profit making activities due to the financial difficulties (Barkoczy et al. 2016). The taxpayer in this case was assessable under Section 25 (1) of ITAA 1936 for the earnings derived from the disposal of land. The decision passed by the court stated that venture constituted as trading venture and generated anticipated incomes. Hence, the taxpayer entered into commercial transaction and subsequently engaged in land development Reference List: Anderson, C., Dickfos, J. and Brown, C., 2016. The Australian Taxation Office-what role does it play in anti-phoenix activity?.INSOLVENCY LAW JOURNAL,24(2), pp.127-140. Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Barkoczy, S., Nethercott, L., Devos, K. and Richardson, G., 2016.Foundations Student Tax Pack 3 2016. Oxford University Press Australia New Zealand. Feld, L.P., Ruf, M., Schreiber, U., Todtenhaupt, M. and Voget, J., 2016. Taxing Away MA: The E ect of Corporate Capital Gains Taxes on Acquisition Activity. Kaldor, N., 2014.Expenditure tax. Routledge. King, A., 2016. Mid market focus: The new attribution tax regime for MITs: Part 2.Taxation in Australia,51(1), p.12. Lang, M., 2014.Introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. LindeVerlag GmbH. Lombard, M., 2017. Everything producers need to know about tax.Stockfarm,7(2), pp.8-9. Robin Barkoczy Woellner (Stephen Murphy, Shirley Et Al), 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press. Saad, N., 2014. Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance: Taxpayers view.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,109, pp.1069-1075. Sadiq, K. and Marsden, S., 2014. The small business CGT concessions: Evidence from the perspective of the tax practitioner.Revenue Law Journal,24(1), p.1. Sharkey, N., 2015. Coming to Australia: Cross border and Australian income tax complexities with a focus on dual residence and DTAs and those from China, Singapore and Hong Kong-Part 1.Brief,42(10), p.10. Somers, R., 2014. Navigating family law settlements.Taxation in Australia,49(5), p.269. Taylor, G. and Richardson, G., 2013. The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,22(1), pp.12-25. Thampapillai, D.J., 2016. Foreign Employment Income and Double Tax Avoidance Agreement: Australia's Possible Governance Failure.Browser Download This Paper. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay Example For Students

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay In Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie Crawford is a suppressed woman with high hopes and dreams and only in the face of death is she able to break through and emerge stronger than ever. In the middle of the novel, Janie undergoes a rebirth. Her husband Joe dies and with him goes all memories of the old Janie, one that reluctantly conformed to the traditional housewife role. What emerges, is a strong, determined black woman, no longer hiding her beauty and this new Janie pursues her once lost dreams. Janie then reaches the climax of her new life when she is willing to die just to be with her husband, Tea Cake, in a violent storm. Her hopes have finally been fulfilled and she could want nothing more. The development of Janie as a character is remarkable as seen by her ability to triumph in the face of death. Joe Starks first came into Janies life when she was just an innocent young woman with all sorts of hopes and dreams. To Janie, he represented these dreams and was her opportunity to fulfill them. We will write a custom essay on Their Eyes Were Watching God specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, what Janie did not foresee is that Joe took her away from that life she hated with Logan Killicks and led her into that same life with him. For years and years Janie is suppressed and is unable to be the person she wishes to be. All those hopes and dreams that Joe once represented faded back to the horizon which nearly disappeared from sight. As long as Janie is with Joe, she can never live the life she had once hoped for. During these long years with Joe, Janie, on the outside, is lifeless, living a monotonous daily routine while inside her there still burns a small flame of hope. Joes death marks a significant moment in Janies life and development as a character. Gone with Joe is everything he represented. Janie is no longer suppressed and finally has the opportunity to be free and pursue her hopes and dreams. What emerges at Joes funeral is a new Janie. On the outside, she shows and does everything she is supposed to do. She starched and ironed her face which was like a wall of stone and steel. Janies exterior is hard and cold, like death, but it is to protect, to conceal what is happening inside. Inside, she is calm and the things of death reach but cannot disturb her for all things concerning death and burial were said and done. Hurston continually contrasts Janies interior to her exterior as to show her rebirth within while maintaining a solid appearance to please those around her. However, the first thing Janie does after the funeral is get rid of everything that reminds her of her old self. She burnt up every one of her head rags and went about with her hair down to her waist. Janies hair has always been one of her most striking features and now Janie finally can exhibit her femininity. The funeral is the beginning of a great change in Janie where, with Joe gone, she would have the rest of her life to do as she pleased. Janie, now free with Joes death, begins to ask herself questions and thinks back to her past which she despised so greatly. Hurston uses this long paragraph of Janies memories of her grandmother to show the extent of her suffering in the past and what may lie ahead in the future. As a child, Janie was very hopeful and dreamy. She had been getting ready for her great journey to the horizons in search of people. She was not the type of girl satisfied being a housewife and striving to live a secure life. No, Janie felt it was important to all the world that she should find them and they find her. However, in a single action, Nanny, her grandmother, shattered these hopes. By marrying Janie to Logan Killicks, Nanny was committing Janie to a life she wanted nothing of. .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .postImageUrl , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:hover , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:visited , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:active { border:0!important; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:active , .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8 .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u189e506a31f236d660cc9305ca35daa8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Storm, The Yellow Wallpaper, Young Goodman Brown EssayIn doing so, Nanny had taken the biggest thing God ever made, the horizon, which Janie sought for so long, and pinched it in to such a little bit of a thing that she could tie it about her granddaughters neck tight enough to choke her. For this, she hated her grandmother. However, like The Man, who Hurston describes at the end of the passage, Janie is able to continue living and chasing her dreams and shining while doing so. Later in the novel, Janie faces death once again this time in the form of a vicious storm. She and Tea Cake and Motor Boat are stuck in a small house while the hurricane rages outside. Hurston uses an entire page to describe the ferocity of the storm. The storms winds become louder and higher and lower and wider, and it totally engulfs the house. The storm itself is personified, described as the monster which trampled over the roof of the house and roll in his bed. Hurston uses this personification to further emphasize the great magnitude of the storm and the extreme danger it poses, making it apparent that it is like death, threatening the lives of Janie and her beloved husband, Tea Cake. So great is the hurricane that Janie calls it His work. Only God can create such a storm with the fierceness to take their lives at anytime. And it is during this time, when a storm sent from God threatens her life that Janie comes to a realization that will forever change her life. Janie has searched her entire life for that perfect husband that would let her be herself and that could treat her right and she finally found that man in Tea Cake. During the storm, as Death encroaches, Janie realizes that she would rather be no place than in that house with Tea Cake. She says, when asked if she wished she had stayed back in Joes big house, Ahm wid my husband in uh storm, dats all. After two unhappy marriages, Janies dream is realized. She found the man she had been looking for her entire life and was willing to die just to be with him. For years, Janie was never content and always searching, but God opened de door and she found Tea Cake. God opened the door. God sent the storm. Janie and Tea Cake are destined to be together by God. She knows this and that is why Janie is able to endure and then emerge from the ferocious storm stronger than ever. Their Eyes Were Watching God is a novel about Janie Crawfords struggles through life and her search for true love. Oddly, in the face of death, Janie has the most strength, resolve, and even greater determination to venture forth in her journey of life. With the death of Joe Starks, Janie begins a new life and her old self, a woman that was suppressed by those around her, becomes a fading memory. Through ups and downs Janie always prevails and finally all her dreams and hopes are satisfied when she faces death once more in the vicious hurricane with her one and only love, Tea Cake. Janie is truly amazing as she is able to break free of the conventional ways and live her dreams even after being held back for so many years.

Essay Topics About Literature

Essay Topics About LiteratureWhen you're working on your essay, try to think of essay topics about literature. It will make your writing a lot easier. It's also easier to relate the topic to the writer's life experience or to whatever aspects of the work you've read. If you have knowledge of other writers, ask them what they would advise you to write about.Topics about literature can be any topic that you want. Some topics you may want to consider are celebrities and their work, contemporary or historical works, autobiographies, etc. There is no right or wrong answer for a topic, but you should be prepared that there will be plenty of ideas for topics available to you.One popular genre to explore is fiction. Writing fiction is another form of free expression. You don't need to pretend to be someone else. Instead, you can explore all your thoughts about fiction writing as you are working on it.Then there are various types of memoirs and autobiographies that you can write about. Since these work best when relating back to the events in the past, they will be easier to write about and better to write about than writing about factual events. By doing this, you will not only make it easier to write about, but you will also be able to come up with ideas and portray more emotion and detail.There are so many great books out there that you can read and relate to while you're writing. You can also read novels and other kinds of literature that interest you. If you don't know of any books you can read, you can start reading something online. Try reading something a few times and you may find you really like it.While you're working on these essay topics, you can also choose to write about different ways you relate to literature. Take a look at some of your favorite authors and check out what makes them different from each other. In doing this, you will be able to look at your writing and see what is missing from it.You can also take a look at other people's essays to find out about their writing and to see if you can find a way to relate to their original point of view. This will give you ideas for topics that you can look into when you finish your essay. You can also go back to your own original essay and use the points that you've learned from others.These are just a few of the various essay topics about literature, you can choose from. Use the ideas that you've found here to give your essay a more personalized touch. You can explore and relate to topics about literature without feeling like you're copying someone else's work.